It depends what you mean by "Primavera".
Primavera's older (but best-known) tool Primavera Project Planner ("P3")
only supports .mpx. But Primavera also provides a utility to convert to and
from .mpp.
However, the newer Primavera tools support a variety of formats (.mpp.mpx,
..mpd, mdb, mpt) with an "intelligent import/export of the standard menu.
Alternatively, if MS-P users can connect directly to the Primavera project
database, a "mini toolbar" can be embedded inside of MS-P. Then the data
resides inside the Primavera database (with "added-value" and security).
And any MS-P data is part of the broader "whole". When a project is opened
and closed by MS-P (from the mini toolbar), it is checked out/checked in (in
Primavera terms) from the Primavera database. This toolbar also provides
access to the Primavera database's resource dictionary.
"PlanningNovice"