Can't Access My Microsoft Account Due to Authenticator on a Broken Phone

[didgeridooersi]

I can't access my Microsoft account because the authenticator is on a broken phone that I can no longer use. When I log in, it says "Help us secure your account," then it prompts for an approval request code. When I click "Having trouble?" and "Get code in a different way," I receive a code via email or phone number. After entering the code, it forces me to change my password, but the loop starts again, and I've been locked out of my account for some time.

P.S. I'm typing this from my school's Microsoft account.