Is this an Excel question? Or are you working in Access? In Excel, the
function =ISTEXT(A1) will "look" in cell A1 and return TRUE if the value is
text. There are several IS_ functions which work this way.
If you're looking for data types like integer, string, float, you won't find
them. Excel cells have numbers (IEEE 64-bit floats), text (strings) or
formulas (aka links -- start with =, and return numbers or text). You can
use the CELL function to determine some things about the contents of a cell.