It largely depends on the type of mail account that you are using.
If POP3, then there is no good solution directly build into Outlook. If all
you care is about your new emails, then you can configure your POP3 account
to leave a copy on the server for x days so you can download it on other
computers as well.
See
http://www.msoutlook.info/question/160
If you want your other folders available as well, you'll either have to use
IMAP, Hosted Exchange or a Live Hotmail account or use a 3rd party sync or
groupware tool. Several are listed here;
http://www.howto-outlook.com/tag/sync
and here;
http://www.howto-outlook.com/tag/groupware
If no one else is on that computer working at that time, you could also
consider using a Remote Desktop connection.
